Oiling system for internal-combustion motors.



H. L. HORNING.

OILING SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTORS. APPLICATION nuzo APR.7.1916.

1,213,875. Patented Jan.30,1917,

3 SHEETSSHEET 1.

[fzU/TZOT Harry L. [forzzzfg H. L. Honmme.

OILING SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTORS.

I APPLICATION FILED APR. 1. 1916. 1,213,875.

Patented Jan. 30, 1917. V

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Hzr yLffomZ/g H L.,HORNlNG.- OILING SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTIONMOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 7| 915- '1,21 3,875. Patented Jan. 30, 1917. I 3SHEETS-SHEET 3- Ewe/2207" Hear/y L. BQJFUUQ' I lm ilh HiiiD snaresravens oi nicn HARRY L. HCRNING, 0F WAUKESHA, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TOWAUKESHA MOTOR $30., OF WAUKESHA, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OFW'ISCONSlN.

OILING SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION MOTORS.

To all whom it may concern:

lie it known that I, HARRY L. HORNING, a citizen of the United States,residing at Waukesha, in the county of Waukesha and State of Wisconsin,have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Oiling Systems forInternal-Combustion Motors, of which the following is a full, clear,concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part of this specification. a

My invention relates to oiling systems for internal combustion motors.

My invention aims to provide an improved system for oiling the necessaryhearing surfaces of an internal combustion engine by an internal splashsystem.

According to my invention individual pans or pockets containing oil arelocated under the crank pins and each connecting rod is provided with ascoop ofspecial design for picking up oil to lubricate the bearingsandtodistribute the oil by splash to y the various bearing surfaces and inaddition tocontrol the level of the oil in the pans or pockets. Thesereceptacles are supplied with oil at a flow proportional to the speed ofthe en ine and the oil scoop of each connecting rod is designedtodischarge the oil from the individual receptacles to an overflow fromwhence it is conveyed to a coolis a gain discharged into thereceptacle.The pockets or pans are made shallow and wide with the oil levelmaintained below the level of the walls. That is to say, the level isnot controlled by the height of the wall. lfhe scoop itself determinesthenormal level of the oil in the pan. Therefore tiltingoi themotorendwisc or sidewise has no influence upon the oil level until thecritical angle of inclination is reached. At this angle the oil beginsto escape over the side walls into the overflow and the naturalconsequence is i a lowering of the oil level in the pans. Atthe'eritical angle the side walls of the pans begin to control the levelof the oil. lVithin the given angle the level of each pan iskeptconstant at just the r ght height to secure Specification of LettersPatent.

mg surface and after being strained, the oil Patented Jan. 30, 191?.

Application filed April '7, 1916. Serial No. 89,5448.

is made for deflecting part of the oil that is thus splashed by each ofthe scoops to reach bearings which or dinarily would be supplied byadjacent scoops. In this man 1101' great reliability and safety inoperation is secured.

I shall now describe my invention in connection with the accompanyingdrawings in such full, clear and concise terms as will enable thoseskilled in the art to construct and practise the invention.

Figure 1 is a vertical cross-section of an engine employing my system ofoiling; Fig. 2 is an elevational view with parts broken away to revealthe working parts of the oiling system; Fig. 3 is a verticalcross-section of the scoop and the end of the connecting rod; Fig. 4t isa section taken on the line :l, -.l of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is an illustrationof the deflector for deflecting a part of the splash from one pan to theadjacent pan; and Fig. 6 is a section of the same taken at right anglesto Fig. 5; Figs. 7 and 8 are diagrammatic views to illustrate the dip ofthe scoop.

The motor may be "of anypreferred type, the one that I have illustratedbeing a fourcycle engine of four cylinders. This engine has acrank-shaft 1 which is connected by suitable connecting rods 2 to thepistons 3. lhe pistons 3 are freely movable on the interiors of thecylinders l, which cylinders are mounted upon the upper section 5 of thecrank-case. The lower part of the crankcase 6 is provided with a widefiat bottom connected by a rod 9 to a suitable indicator 10 at the sideof the engine convenient for inspection. The oil reservoir 7 isconnected through a strainer 11' to a pump 12, herein shown as of therotary type. The pump discharges the oil through a feeding pipe 13 whichis provided with outlets 14', l5, 16

and 17 for discharging oil to each individual oiling pan. 7

As shown in the accompanying drawings the individual oiling 1 )21Ti$ 20and 21 are formed integral with the bottom of the crankcase by means oftransverse ribs and it and a longitudinal wall 25. This longitudinalwall in connection with the scoop at its lowest point determines thesidewise tilting permissible in the motor, 2'. 9., defines the criticalangle.

The oil pans lo and 1t) are formed as a separate casting suspended abovethe reservoir '4'. These pans or pockets 18 and 19 have a separatingwall between them and have an end wall "27 of sul'istantially the sameheight as and in line with "the wall The space between the fall 25 andthe adjacent side of the crankcase forms an over (low or dischargepassage 27 along which the oil runs back to the reservoir 7 after beingdischarged from the individual pans or pockets.

The, pump 12 may be connected in any preferred manner. I have shown thesame as geared by means of the bevel gears 30 to the cam shaft 31.Inasmuch as the cam shaft 31 is directly geared to the crank shaft 1, itwill be seen thrill-the pump 12 is operated in accordance with' thespeed of the motor and the oil discharged will also be proportional tothe speed of the motor. The tendency would be upon high speed to pumpall of the oil out of the well or reservoir 7 and discharge the sameinto the individual pans or pockets. It is to be noted that the lowerend of each connecting rod is provided with a scoop of circular orsimilarly curved outline This scoop is proiided at its forward face withan opening 33 which is connected by a suitable passage to the bearingsurface'of the corresponding crankpin 3 L. It will now be apparent thatif the level of the oil in the pockets tends to rise, vthe scoop willdischarge it more rapidly and thus keep the level substantiallyconstant. This will be apparent from the diagrams of Figs. 7 and 8, inwhich it will be noted that the width of contact and the length of timein contact will be greater the higher the level of the oil. It is to benoted that the increase in the amount of oil pumped is due to enginespeed and the increase in engine speed causes a proportionate'increasein the number of times that the scoop engages the oil. but that thepresent system does not depend on this coordination solely to preserve adefinite level. The level is maintained by the increased quantity whichis thrown out upon an increase in level and by the decreased quantitythat is thrown out upon a decrease in level so that the oiling will benearly uniform at all speeds and under all conditions.

time the number of dips per unit of time 4 increases. If it werepossible to balance exactly the amount splashed out at each stroke bythe amountpumped in at each stroke for all speeds the le el -.v nildalways remain.

constant. But such balancing is impossible. As it is neccssarv for Soulfnu'ans to control the level I lind it advisable to impose this controlupon the scoops rather than upon the pump or upon the walls oi the panupon the theory that variations in oiling must be upon the side olexcess rather than upon the side of dcficiencv. It the level rises sothat. the depth of dip is (1.. Fig. 7) a greater width ofthe scoop wwill be active along a path of length .1 Thus it can be seen that theamount which is scooped out when the level is high is greater than whenthe level is low and the control of the level lies with the element tobe lubricated.

The oil from the splash conveyed to the various bearings 01 the engine,pockets such as shown at 35 and 36 in Fig. 2 being provided for catchingpart of the oil and conveying the same to the main bearing. Otherpockets are provided for catching the splash for other uses. such as thefront gear system, counterslnift bearing, etc. The splash also reachesand lubricates the wrist pin and the cylinders and pistons. the surplusof: the oil dropping hack to be used over again. The lower crankcase (lis made flat so that as large a quantity as possible may be retained ineach ol the individual peekets, and a large surl'ace exposed to theatmosphere in order to cool the oil by radiation.

Special deflectors, such as shown in Fig. 5, may be provided betweenadjacent oil pockets in order to supply one pocket with oil from theadjacent pocket in case of a stoppage of the oil from the pump to thatparticular pocket. Thesupply of oil thus i'urnishal to the bearingsmight be insulli cient for adequate lubrication, but would preventsudden destruction oi the bearing. and thus the stawiceability and liteot' the hearing would be prolonged beyond the usual period. The curveddeflector 36 is placed over the cross wall 523 in such position that theoil splash from one oil pan will be in part conveyed to the adjacentpan, and vice versa. The front wall 25 may be modified by special splashplates 37 set at any particular part of the length of said plates inorder to control the amount of oil ill I miners pan defines the anglesto which the motor may be tilted and proper operation ofthe splashsystem maintained. It can be seen thus that if the motor he tilted withits front end up atan angle such as indicated at X in Fig. 5, the .oilwould run out of the pocket to such an extent as to be no longeravailable for splash purposes. In a. similar manner, if the motor weretilted sidewiseat an angle such as represented by Y in Fig. 6, the samecondition would prevail, namely, the oil would runover the walls of theoil pans and would be out of contact with the scoop 32. The angle X isdetermined by a horizontal line drawn tangent to the point of the scoopand a line drawn tangent to the scoop and the top of the end wall-4e 23or 24:. The angle Y is determined by a horizontal line drawn tangent tothe path of the tip of the scoop, and a line drawn through the edge ofthe front wall 25 and tangent to the path of the tip of the scoop 82 asshown in Fig. 6.

While I have described one specific embodiment of inv invention, it isto be understood that I am not to' be limited to the shapes, forms andproportions shown in. the

accompanvingdrawings ind described in.

the specification. i v

I claim:

1. In combination, a crank case," a crank shaft mounted in said case. anoil pocket below the crank of said shaft, an oil reservoir, a pumpoperating at a speed proportional to the speed of the crank shaft forpumping; oil from said reservoir to said pocket, a return passagelBiiCllI'lP, to said res ervoir, and a scoop on said crank for (hp-1ping into said pocket as the crank shat rotates to throw oil out of saidpocket into said return passage, said scoop being of such throwingcapacity as to maintain-the level of oil in said pocket below the overrflow point. I

2; In combination, a motor crank case, a crankshaft mounted in saidcase, said crankcase having an oil reservoir and a pluralitv ofindividual pockets, each pocket being individual to the correspondingcrank pin upon said crankshaft, said pockets havin a transverse wallspaced from the side wall of said crankcase to form a common passageway,said crankcase having a stora gel reservoir for receiving the oildischarged from the pockets. a pump scared to said crankshaft fordischarging oil said reservoir to each individual pocket, and scoopsupon the connecting rod of each from crankpin for splashing the oilfrom'the individual pockets over said longitudinal wall into the commonpassageway, said scoop members being of such throwing capacity as tomaintain the level of oil in said pockets below the overflow point.

3. In combination, a, crank case, a crank shaft mounted in said case,said sha'l't havins; a plurality of cranks, an oil pocket lie-- low eachcrank, an oil reservoir, a pump' operating at a speed proportional tothe speed of the crank shaft for pumping oil from said reservoirindividually to said to said reservoir. and a scoop on each of saidcranks for dipping into the respective pockets, a common return passageleading or pockets individual to the crankpins of i said shaft, apassage between the side of said crankcase and said pans for carryingoil the excess oil which is splashed out of the pans and a deflectorupon the edge of I said pan.

5. In combination a crankcase, a crank mounted in said case, saidcase'liaving a broad flat bottom and having individual pockets arrangedtherein for the individual crankpins, said pans having a common 1onQtitudinal Wall spaced from the side wall ofsaid case to form anoverflow channel, deiiectors for said pans, said deflectors beingadapted to deflect the splash to adjacent pans.

6. In combination a pan. adapted to contain a liquid, a moving elementadapted to dip into said pan, said element being adapted to move atdifferent speeds and means for pumping liquid into said pansubstantially in proportion to the speed of said element, said movingelement having means for throwing out the liquid from said pan tomaintain a desired level of oil in said pan, said latter means moving ina fixed path with respect tosaid pan, said path extend ing a substantialdistance below the edges ed to throw out the oil more rapidly for a highlevel of liquid than for a lovv level of liquid.

7. In combination, a crank case, a crank of said pan, said latter meansbeing adaptshaft mounted in said case, said shaft having a plurality ofcranks, an oil pocket helOW each crank, an. oil reservoir, a pump opireservoir, and a scoop on each of said cranks for dipping into therespective oil pocket as the crank shaft rotates to throw oil out ofsaid pocket into said common return passage to maintain a desired levelof oil in said pocket, the faces of said scoop being widened toward thetop to throw proportionally more oil as they dip deeper into the oil.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 15 day ofFebruary, A. D. 1916.

HARRY L. I-IORNING.

